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 E-paper — the optical component of a film used in Electronic Paper Displays (EPD). Although futuristic-sounding, electronic ink is actually a straightforward fusion of chemistry, physics and electronics. It’s so much like paper, it utilizes the same pigments used in the printing industry today.
What is a Bistable Display?
        E Ink’s technology is commonly referred to as “bistable”. What does this mean? Bistable means that the image on an E Ink screen will be retained even when all power sources are removed. In practice, this means that the display is consuming power only when something is changing. For example, when reading on an eReader, power is only needed when turning to a new page but no power is consumed by the display while reading the page. This is most noticeable when an eReader goes into sleep mode yet there is still an image being displayed. By contrast, with a traditional LCD, the display is needs to be refreshed around 30X per second, regardless of the whether anything new is being displayed. Bistability significantly reduces the power consumption of displays using E Ink and is a key reason eReaders have such long battery life.
 Reflective Displays
        E Ink displays are also referred to as “reflective displays.” In an LCD, or “emissive display”, light from a backlight is projected through the display towards your eyes. In an E Ink display, no backlight is used; rather, ambient light from the environment is reflected from the surface of the display back to your eyes. As with any reflective surface, the more ambient light, the brighter the display looks. This attribute mimics traditional ink and paper, and users of E Ink displays have said that they do not have the same eye fatigue as with LCDs when reading for long periods of time. The backlight can also consume up to 40% of the power used in electronic product. Therefore, eliminating the need for a backlight significantly increases the battery life versus using a traditional LCD.
Two Pigment Ink System
        Electronic ink is made up of millions of tiny microcapsules, about the diameter of a human hair. Each microcapsule contains positively charged white particles and negatively charged black particles suspended in a clear fluid. When a positive or negative electric field is applied, corresponding particles move to the top of the microcapsule where they become visible to the viewer. This makes the surface appear white or black at that spot. 

Three Pigment Ink System
        Spectra is our 3-pigment ink offering, engineered specifically for Electronic Shelf Labels (ESL). It works similarly to dual pigment system, in that we apply a charge to our pigments, and to a top and bottom electrode to facilitate movement. However, Spectra is utilizing a microcup ink structure.

Spectra for ESL
        By using electronic shelf labels (ESL) with E Ink’s technology, retailers have the ability to change pricing strategies as needed in real time, allowing them to stay one step ahead of competitors while attracting consumers based on changing market conditions. Spectra allows retailers to elevate the impact of their ESLs, by adding color to logos and quickly directing consumers’ attention to important information, such as product sales and promotions.

DKE-Three color 

EPD with high contrast and uniformity,single pixel characters can be seen clearly,it can be used in barcode tags,price labels,and other special signs.This is a real application in Korea supermarket: 

We are pleasure to inform you a good news from customer

Our Three-color EPD were used in a new supermarket

The photos as below
 

DKE-Three color EPD Shelf Label

Better user experience

DKE-2.13inch three color EPD

Display performance

Cold Storage Area

Three color EPD in Cold Storage Area

Low temperature around 7℃

Display performance in Low temperature

DKE-Three color EPD
Standard size in mass production-1.54”，2.13”，2.9”

If you’ve been wanting to build your own wearable with an E-paper screen then I have some good news for you. A company in the United States and Pervasive Displays have just released a new development kit which combines 3 small E-ink screens with a controller board，
What with the decline of the ebook reader market over the past couple years, E-ink has been putting more and more effort into developing new markets for their screen tech. There are now at least a half-dozen   different kits for the DIY market which include an E-ink screen, and E-ink has also released encouraged new products in a wide variety of markets including shelf labels, smartphone cases, luggage tags, smart watches, and more.
         And now there’s a new one.
        The EPD Xplained Pro kit includes 1.54″, 2.13″, and 2.9″ E-ink screens from Pervasive Displays along with an extension board which is designed to work with the Atmel Studio IDE. This particular kit can’t do anything on its own, but from what I have read online and in the user manual I can tell that this kit is designed to work with other Atmel Xplained Pro development boards like the SAM4L Xplained Pro and the SAM D20 Xplained Pro.

     Electrophoretic or electronic ink is the optical component of a film used in Electronic Paper Displays (EPD). Although it sounds, electronic ink is actually a really straightforward combination of chemistry, physics and electronics. It mimics the appearance of ordinary ink on paper.
       Electronic ink is made up of millions of tiny microcapsules. Each microcapsule has about the diameter of a human hair. Each microcapsule contains positively charged white particles and negatively charged black particles suspended in a clear fluid. When a positive or negative electric field is applied, corresponding particles move to the top of the microcapsule where they become visible to the viewer. This makes the surface appear white or black at that spot.
       3 color e-paper displays are originally engineered specifically for Electronic Shelf Labels (ESL). It works similarly to dual pigment system. From development, a charge is bought into pigments, and to a top and bottom electrode to facilitate movement. However, 3 color EPD is based on a micro-cup ink structure.

       DKE EPD:
       DKE are now providing monochromatic EPD as well as 3 color (Black, White and Red) EPD for clients. Besides providing a range of standard dot matrix EPDs, DKE also provides customization services, mostly on Segmented EPD.